Evolution

The concept of evolution began with Charles Darwin.  It suggests that as life for a species becomes more difficult they must adapt to the new environment in order to become better suited for survival.  He observed the differences in the diverse finches of the Galapagos islands and saw that each had it's own type of beak that allowed it to gather its own food.  Some had large beaks for cracking open nuts, others small to fit into holes in trees and get bugs.  Darwin sugusted that these birds had moved to the island and many died because the couldn't adapt but some had nessessary mutations in their offsprings, these would survive while the others died.  This held some influence for the phrase, "Survival of the fittest."  But it was not just these birds that went through this process of evolution all life has evolved stemming back to bacteria in the ocean at this planet's begginning.